Spectrum
Utilizing Spectrum To Its Maximum Potential Relies On the Hard Work of Spectrum Engineers

November 8, 2020 — The future of the spectrum industry relies on engineers developing processes to squeeze the most out of each band of spectrum, said a panel of spectrum policy experts contributing to a Federal Communications Bar Association webinar on Thursday.
“There is no new, greenfield spectrum, there’s a finite amount,” said Colleen King, vice president of regulatory affairs at Charter Communications. “It’s a hard problem for engineers to solve.”
To clarify some of the foundational scientific principles behind spectrum management, spectrum engineers Rob Kubik, senior director of public policy at Samsung Electronics and Ronald Williams, division chief of the office of engineering and technology at the FCC, were present and exposed audiences to the formulaic process behind managing government and commercial spectrum.

Screenshot of panelists from the FCBA event
The pair detailed the importance of planning, calculating, and researching, when setting out to build a telecommunications network, or other spectrum-based system.
“There are a lot of factors to take into account when designing a system,” said Kubik, “you have to calculate equations for each aspect of planning.”
“Engineers have to calculate all these numbers and formulas to come up with a synopsis of what is happening in an area,” to determine how a system will operate, added Williams. For example, engineers must calculate how much wattage is needed to push a signal through space.
Further, spectrum technologists must estimate propagation loss, which determines signal levels at a given receiver.
“When towers communicate with a mobile phone, there will be a loss of signal, depending on a number of factors such as distance, obstacles, and angles,” said Williams, adding that “propagation loss is always the most contentious part of analyzing any FCC proceeding.”
Further, engineers must ensure that all entities cooperate with one another.
“You must be cognizant of the existing technology,” said Kubik. “When managing spectrum, you should utilize the spectrum data base which logs who owns what resources.”
The U.S. Table of Frequency Allocations from NTIA offers a visual of how spectrum is currently allocated between the executive and legislative branches. (The National Telecommunications and Information Administration is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce):

The Commerce Department’s NTIA spectrum frequency allocation table from January 2016
“You have to coexist with existing laws, pertaining to allocation of use,” reiterated Williams.
During the second panel, which followed the more technical overview, Jamison Prime, associate chief in the Office of Engineering and Technology at the FCC, critiqued the layout of the Frequency Allocation Table for being misleading, saying that AM bands look big on the chart, but in reality, they are short. Prime also noted that the table does not account for unlicensed spectrum.
“Not all spectrum is created equally,” said Prime, “different spectrum is suited for different technology.”
For example, the CBRS band, in the 3.5 Gigahertz band, is unique from other bands due to the Spectrum Access System it utilizes. SAS is a frequency coordination system which mediates between those using the band at the same time.
The CBRS band is a “complex exciting band, in a good spot of spectrum,” said King. “People are excited about this band. Four times the average number of bidders bid in the CBRS auction.”
“Mid-band spectrum provides the best of all possible worlds,” said Therese Jones, senior director of policy at the Satellite Industry Association. “That’s why there is so much work in the C-band currently. Engineers are clearing up spectrum which used to be used for satellite operations for terrestrial 5G use.”
“Geostationary satellite operators are switching to utilize higher frequency spectrum, which will hugely increase capacity,” said Jones, adding that the reengineering process is extremely difficult for engineers.
Spectrum
FCC Votes to Preserve Parts of 12 GHz Spectrum Band for Satellite Use
In light of technical evidence, the FCC has voted to preserve 12.2-12.7 GHz band for satellite purposes.

WASHINGTON, May 18, 2023 – The Federal Communications Commission voted in an open meeting Thursday to preserve parts of the 12 GHz spectrum band for advanced satellite service.
The FCC adopted rules to preserve spectrum in the 12.2-12.7 GHz band for satellite services by refusing to authorize two-way, high-powered terrestrial mobile use on the same band due to the significant risk of harmful interference to existing satellite services.
“In 12.2 we are correcting course in response to technical evidence,” said FCC Commissioner Geoffrey Starks in his comments. “Based on the studies filed, our engineers have concluded to date that high-powered mobile broadband when deployed throughout the country will interfere with established and emerging satellite services that serve millions of customers and is growing.”
“I would have welcomed a path forward that allowed both services to thrive, but for now, it is time for us to adapt,” he concluded.
The FCC also adopted a proposal to repurpose some or part of the 12.7-13.25 GHz band to support flexible terrestrial wireless use and is seeking comment regarding the action.
Starlink, SpaceX’s satellite broadband service provider said in a letter to the FCC earlier this month that it appreciated that the proposal to reject the use of high-powered mobile operations in the 12.2-12.7 GHz band would be considered.
The company has raised alarm for years about potential interference issues if the commission opens the band to mobile use.
RS Access said in a letter to the FCC that the band is compatible with both mobile and satellite operations. The letter suggested that the FCC “tentatively conclude” that high-power fixed operations are compatible with other “co-primary operations.”
The company’s CEO, Noah Campbell, issued a statement following the FCC’s Thursday decision stating that he “welcomes the FCC’s unanimous and bipartisan vote on how to enable valuable consumer services in the 12 GHz band.”
Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel concluded her remarks with a plea for Congress to reauthorize spectrum auction authority to the FCC, which expired in March for the first time in its history.
“Restoring this authority will provide the United States with the strongest foundation to compete in a global economy, counter our adversaries’ technology ambitions, and safeguard our national security,” she said.
Continued crackdown on illegal robocalls and more flexible rules for 60 GHz spectrum
The FCC also approved and adopted new rules to further expand its robocall blocking requirements for voice carriers. The new rules will extend several call blocking requirements to include voice service providers that are not currently covered by FCC rules.
In November, the FCC ruled that straight-to-voicemail robocalls will be subject to the 1991 Telephone Consumer Protection Act’s consumer protections. The FCC has focused its energy over the last few years on eliminating robocall activity in the United States.
“Today we build on these efforts by clarifying some of our rules designed to put a halt to illegal robocalls. We make clear that all carriers have a duty to respond to traceback requests in 24 hours so we can figure out who is behind any new rash of illegal robocalls,” said Rosenworcel in a statement.
According to a Federal Trade Commission report, U.S. consumers reported a total of $798 million lost to fraud via phone call in 2022.
The FCC also adopted new, more flexible rules for the 60 GHz spectrum band to support innovative radar technology, which include important applications that alert drivers to children left in hot cars, detect hand gestures to improve mobility, and assist drones in construction and emergency rescue, among other applications.
“Welcome to the radar revolution. It is no longer just for tracking planes and measuring weather patterns. That’s because we are on the cusp of deploying radar technology for a much wider range of uses,” said Rosenworcel. “In this decision, we are updating our approach to the 60 GHz band. We are modernizing it so that it can be used to its full potential.”
Spectrum
Wireless Providers Urge Congress to Move on FCC Spectrum Auction Authority
Small wireless carriers urge Congress to give FCC authority to auction spectrum.

WASHINGTON, May 15, 2023 – A group of small and regional wireless carriers urged Congress to reinstate the Federal Communications Commission’s spectrum auction authority in a letter sent to the hill on Thursday.
“We urge Congress to swiftly act to reinstate the FCC’s authority to auction spectrum,” read the letter. “We depend on auctioned and licensed spectrum to offer the communities we serve the latest wireless innovations and secure and reliable service.”
By allowing the FCC’s authority to lapse, continued the letter, Congress has “jeopardized our country’s wireless leadership and the benefits of wireless connectivity in rural, regional, and nationwide markets.”
For the first time in its history, the FCC’s spectrum auction authority lapsed on March 9 following Congress’ inaction to pass a bill that would extend the agency’s authority. The authority to auction spectrum was first given to the FCC in 1994 and the agency has since hosted over 100 auctions and raised more than $233 billion in revenue.
“For three decades, the FCC’s authority to auction the nation’s airwaves has been an indispensable tool for harnessing the promise of new wireless technologies while also spurring economic growth, creating jobs, and strengthening our national security and global leadership,” wrote Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel in a statement following the expiration.
The Senate failed to act on a bill passed by the House in February that would extend the FCC’s authority to May 19 when Senator Mike Rounds, R-South Dakota, and Mazie Hirono, D-Hawaii, proposed the deadline be pushed back to September 30 instead.
Rounds and Hirono argued that the date change would allow the Department of Defense and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration to complete a study on the impact of repurposing government spectrum for commercial use.
Senator Peter Welch, D-Vermont, objected to the data change, claiming that it would prove a disincentive to a swift agreement on behalf of consumers. The delay in passing the bill sparked frustration in the House.
“We are disappointed that the Senate has not acted to [pass the bill] because of the objections of one Senator, and that the FCC’s authority to issue spectrum licenses will expire for the first time ever as a result,” read a statement issued by Representatives Frank Pallone, D-New Jersey, Cathy Rodgers, R-Washington, and others.
Spectrum
FCC Urges Lawmakers to Extend Spectrum Auction Authority
The FCC’s spectrum auction authority expired in March.

WASHINGTON, April 19, 2023 – The leaders of the Federal Communications Commissions have urged lawmakers in a letter Tuesday to extend the agency’s spectrum auction authority with urgency before the World Radiocommunication Conference in November.
“Restoring this authority will provide the United States with the strongest foundation to compete in a global economy, counter Chinese technology leadership ambitions, and safeguard our national security,” said the letter, signed by the chairwoman and her three commissioners. “Importantly, the United States cannot afford to wait.”
“The global community will soon convene for another World Radiocommunication Conference to determine the future of spectrum policy, and we must send a strong signal in advance of that meeting of our continued commitment to lead in coming generations of wireless technologies,” added the letter.
The letter is addressed to Cathy McMorris Rodgers, R-Washington, chair of the House Energy and Commerce, and Frank Pallone, D-N.J., ranking member on that committee; Maria Cantwell, D-Washington, chair of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, and Ted Cruz, R-Texas, ranking member of that committee.
The commission’s authority to auction the airwaves essential for the deployment of wireless technologies had expired in March for the first time in its thirty-year history. The authority was briefly extended a couple of times before that.
“In previous years, Congress has always acted to extend the Commission’s auction authority without interruption,” the letter added. “We look forward to working with you now to ensure the speedy enactment of legislation reauthorizing the Commission’s spectrum auction program, so that we can once again use this authority in service of consumers, businesses, and national security.”
Lawmakers, including Rodgers and Pallone, expressed disappointment with the Senate days after the expiry in March for failing to move legislation passed in the House that would have extended the authority to May 19.
It stalled in the upper chamber due to objections over the length of the authority extension to allow for the completion of a Department of Defense and National Telecommunications and Information Administration study on repurposing government spectrum for commercial use.
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